Self-loading semiautomatic pistol



Nov. 24, 1953 M. w. YALE SELF-LOADING SEMIAUTOMATIC PISTOL ZSheetS-Sheet 1 Filed Feb. 3, 1950 a E. #959 H7 Im 1 Mar Allormy Sheets-Sheet Filed Feb. 3, 1950 w m T #1 m W s m; x a 7 I: I) M 6 H. 1 r

m w a W- 9 9 L w a 1 f 'f rz'on M Evie Allnrncy Patented Nov, 24, 1953 ,tsaet TENT OFFICE SELF-LOADING SEMIAU'I'OMATIC PISTOL Marion W. Yale, Salida, 0010.

Application February 3, 1950, Serial N 0. 142,231

2 Claims.

This invention relates to a novel construction Of self-loading semiautomatic pistol having an enclosed action and no outside moving parts except an operating rod for rendering the piston action dirt-proof.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a pistol of extremely simple construction which may be very readily dismantled for cleaning, repair or replacement of parts and which is capable of being quickly and easily reassembled.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a pistol which may be readily constructed to provide a well balanced weapon to afford the maximum degree of accuracy in firing.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following description of the drawings, illustratin a presently preferred embodiment thereof, and wherein:

Figure l is a side elevational view looking toward the right-hand side of the pistol;

Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinal central sectional view, partly in side elevation thereof and showing the bolt and hammer in retracted positions;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view showing the bolt in a forward position preparatory to firing and with the hammer in a retracted, cocked position;

Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 but showing the hammer in a forward position and illustrating the parts in their positions as the cartridge is fired;

Figure 5 is an exploded perspective View of certain of the operating parts of the pistol;

Figure 6 is a bottom plan View of the bolt;

Figure 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the line 'll of Figure 2;

Figure 8 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the line 88 of Figure 2;

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along a plane as indicated by the line 9-9 of Figure 2, and

Figure 10 is a fragmentary perspective View of the upper end of a cartridge clip especially designed for use with the pistol.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, the semiautomatic self-loading pistol in its entirety is designated generally is and includes a frame, designated generally [3 to the upper end of which is secured a receiver, designated generally 14. A barrel bushing I5 is press fit into the forward end of the receiver I l and a barrel It has a restricted threaded rear end H which is threaded into the threaded bore of the bushing It. The barrel and bushmg are connected together and to the receiver by a screw Iastemng is which also forms a part of the connection between the receiver 14 and frame l3. A cartridge ramp Is is disposed in the receiver 54 onectiy behind the barrel and bushing and is secured to the bushing is by an extension at of said ramp ls which hits a recess 2| 1n the bottom of the rear end or the bushing i 5 and which is secured thereto by a fastening 22A The ramp I s is relatively short and has a concave, longitudinally extending upper surface as best illustrated in Figure 8. 'ihe opposite, rear end of the receiver is is internally threaded and normally closed by a removable, externally threaded plug 24.

A bolt 25 which is generally circular, externally in cross section, is mounted for longitudinal sliding movement in the receiver it behind the bushing I5 and for movement toward and away from the rear end of the bushing l5 and barrel It. A hammer 26, which is likewise of substantially circular external cross section, is also reciprocally mounted for longitudinal movement in the receiver it between the bolt 25 and plug 24. The bolt 25 at its rear end is provided with a rearwardly opening recess 27 and a restricted threaded recess 28 Which extends forwardly from the bed of the recess 21. The hammer 28 has a bore 29 extending longitudinally and centrally therethrough and which is provided with an enlarged rearwardly opening rear end portion all. An action rod 3! extends reciprocally through a central bore 32 in the plug 24, through the bore 28 and recess 21 and has a threaded forward end 33 which threadedly engages the threaded recess 28. The action rod 3! has a knob or head 36 at its rear end which is disposed rearwardly of the plug 2 3, in the forwardmost position of said action rod, as illustrated in Figure 1. A long action spring 35 of relatively small diameter is mounted on the action rod 3| within the receiver 14 and has one end thereof seated in a forwardly opening recess 36 of the plug 26 and extends forwardly therefrom through the hammer bore 29 into the bolt recess 21 and has its opposite end bearing against the bed of the recess 21. A shorter main spring 3'! of larger diameter is disposed around the rear portion of the action spring 35 and has its rear end seated in the recess 36 and its forward end seated in the hammer recess or bore enlargement 38 so that the spring 35 urges the bolt 25 toward its forward position of Figures 3 and 4 and the main spring 37 urges the hammer 26 toward its forward position of Figure 4.

As best seen in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, the bolt 25 3 is provided in its upper portion with a groove '38 which extends from end-to-end thereof and which has a'deep cut forward portion 39. The forward end of the bolt 35 is provided with a recess or depression 40 for receiving the rim or rear end of a cartridge case. As seen in Figure 6, the underside of the bolt 25 is provided with spaced longitudinally extending grooves A! which extend from intermediate of its ends to its forward end and which combine to form a longitudinally extending rib 42 therebetween which has'a beveled forward end 43 terminating at the of the frame i3-into a longitudinally extending recess 66 formed in the upper portion of the frame It and which opens upwardly of its upper edge. The upper end of the trigger 64 is pivotally mounted at 61 on a block 68 of the frame 3 and which extends into the forward portion of the I recess 66. A spring pressed plunger 69 which is bed of the pocket or depression ML The-pocket or depression :18 opens downwardly into the grooves 41 at the forward end of the rib 52'. The underside of the bolt 25 is also providedwith a, transversely extending depression or groove 45 which is disposed rearwardly of the longitudinal grooves 4| and which is provided with rounded forward and rear ends, as best seen in Figures 2, 3 and 4. As seen in Figure v the right-hand side of the bolt 25 is'provided with a longitudinally extending groove 45 which extends to its forward 1 end and laterally thereof into the recess GB for receiving an extractor: 46 which is, pivotally mounted therein, intermediate of its ends on a pin 4'! which extends vertically through an opening 48 of the bolt 25 and through anopening 49 of the extractor 56. The extractor 46 is provided with a laterally extending hook 59 at its forward end which extends radially'inwardly of the forward end of the bolt 25 and into the depression 40. The opposite, left-hand side of the bolt 25 is provided with a longitudinally extending relatively deep groove or channel 5! for slidably receiving an ejector 52 which extends laterally in wardly through an opening 53 in the left side of the receiver 14, as seen in Figure 7, and which has an upturnedfiange 54 at its outer end which engages a portion of the outer side of the receiver M and which is secured thereto by a fastening 55. The groove 51 extends from the forward end of the bolt 25 and is of a depth so that its bed portion opens into the depression 40 and the ejector 52 is of a length to extend to adjacent the bed of the groove 5! so as to move into the depression 40 as the bolt 25 approaches its retracted position of Figure 2.

The hammer 26 is provided with a substantially T-shaped forwardly opening recess 56 in its upper part and a groove 51 in the bottom part thereof which opens outwardly of the forward end of the hammer 26 and which terminates intermediate of the ends of said hammer to form a forwardly facing shoulder 58. A firing pin 59 is provided with a T-shaped head 60 at its rear end which fits into the hammer recess 56 and said firing pin extends forwardly therefrom in the groove 38 and has a depending flange M at its forward end which is reciprocally disposed in the deep cut groove portion 39 of the bolt 25. The fiange 6i terminates at its forward end and bottom edge in a forwardly extending pin portion 62 which pro-'-' jects into the depression 49, in its forwardmost position of Figure 4. It will be readily apparent that the hammer is nonrotatably connected to the bolt 25 by the firing pin 59 and the bolt 25 is prevented from turning in the receiver M by engagement of the ejector 52 with the bolt groove 5|. I

The frame [3 is provided in its forward portion with an opening defining a trigger guard 63 in which the lower portion of a trigger 54 is swingably disposed. The trigger Eel extends upwardly from the trigger guard E3 through an opening 65 mounted in a recess of the frame 13 and which extends into the opening 65 bears against the trigger 64 and urges it to spring forwardly within the trigger guard 63,asil1ustrated in Figures 3 and 4. A sear bar, designated'generally H, is

disposed longitudinally in the recess 66 and is pivotally connected at its forward end at 12 tothe trigger 64', beneath and adjacent its pivot 8'3. The sear bar H is provided near its forward end with an elongated clip receiving opening 13 and behind and adjacent thereto has an upstanding, rigid disconnector pin M which extends upwardly through an opening 15 in the bottom portion of the receiver M. The frame :3 is provided with a hanger is which extends downwardly into the recess 66, near the rear end thereof and through which the rear end portion of the sear bar H loosely extends. Said sear bar H is provided in its underside with longitudinallyspaced notches 11 for receiving the'ends of an arcuate, leaf-type spring 18, the intermediate portion of which is bowed downwardly to rest uponthe bottom por tion of the hanger F6 for urging the rear end of the sear bar II upwardly. The sear bar H near its rear end is provided with a notch in its upper side forming a ramp surface 19'. A sear 80 is pivotally mounted intermediate of its ends by a pin 8! on the hanger 16 above the sear bar H and has an upwardly extending forward, end 32 which extends upwardly into or through an opening 83 in the bottom of the receiver 14. The opposite end of the sear8fl terminates in a downturned portion 84 which normally engages the ramp surface 19. A spring 85 which seats against the bottom of the receiver I4 and bears on the upper rear end portion of the sear 80 urges said sear to rock in a counterclockwise direction on its pivot 8! for urging the rear end portion 84 downwardly against the ramp surface 19 and the for-- ward sear end 82 upwardly into the receiver I4.

A safety 86 extends transversely through the recess 66-, beneath the forward end of the sear 8t and has a cross bar 8'5 located beneath the sear 8E] and a knurled head 88 located on the outer left-hand side of the frame l3. By rotating the catch 86 the crossbar 81 thereof will urge the forward end of the sear 8i upwardly and the sear bar H downwardly for locking the sear in a position for engagement with the hammer so as to prevent firing of the piston [2 when the safety catch cross bar 81 is in an upright position rather than in a horizontal position, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.

The grip portion of the frame [3 has a bore 89 of oblong cross section extending from the bottom thereof diagonally upwardly and forwardly and opening into the recess 66 and which aligns with an opening Qt in the bottom of the receiver M. The core 39' is adapted to receive a cartridge clip 9| which is inserted therein from the lower end of said here and which extends upwardly through the bore 8 9 through the recess 66 and opening 90 into the lower part of the receiver Hi. The clip 91 has a portion extending loosely through th'eclip opening 13 of the sear bar H, which opening 73 is of sufficient length to allow recess 66 and relatively to the clip 9l. A spring projected latch 92 which is pivotally mounted in a recess 93 of the frame I3 and which has a hook portion disposed beyond the lower end of the frame i3, is normally held in a position with its hook portion engaging the lower end of the clip 25 for retaining the clip in an applied position, as illustrated in Figure 2. By manually swinging the clip latch 92 clockwise or to the left as seen in Figure 2, the clip flange 94 can be engaged for removing the clip 9| for reloading the pistol l2.

' The clip 9| differs from a conventional clip in that the sides thereof are slit longitudinally from its upper, open end to provide strips 95 the rear edge portions of which are bent inwardly to provide lips 96, for a purpose which will hereinafter become apparent.

Assuming that the pistol I2 has just been loaded with a clip 9| containing cartridges 9! which are urged toward the open, upper end of said clip by a conventional spring follower, not shown, as is common in firearm clips, and further assuming that the bolt and hammer are in forward positions, as illustrated in Figure 4, the uppermost cartridge 9'3 will be held below the open top of the clip 9| by engagement with the bolt rib 42 which extends into the open top of the clip 91. To initially load and cook the piece l2, the knob 34 of the action rod is grasped and pulled rearwardly to its position of Figure 2. It will be readily apparent that the bolt 25 and hammer 2G will be carried rearwardly therewith. As the hammer and bolt commence their rearward movement the disconnector pin Id will be disposed in the hammer groove 57. As the hammer and bolt move rearwardly the rounded upper end of the disconnector pin 14 will engage the rounded rear portion 98 of the bottom of the bolt 25 which will function as a cam for initially camming the disconnector pin 74 and sear bar I! downwardly. Said parts are again cammed downwardly by the forward rounded end of the bolt recess 3 3 and held in a depressed position by the rib 42, as illustrated in Figure 2, as the bolt and hammer reach a fully retracted position and in which position the sear end 82 is disposed in the bolt recess 45 and the sear end 86 is out of engagement with the sear bar II. By then releasing the knob 34, the springs 35 and 31 will project the bolt 25 and hammer 26 forwardly. As the bolt 25 moves forwardly the forward end of its rib 42 will engage the rear or rim end of the uppermost cartridge 91 which has been raised by the cartridge follower into the open upper end of the clip 9! when the rib 42 was moved rearwardly and out of engagement with the clip 9|. Thereafter, said upper cartridge 91 will be carried forwardly with the bolt 25 and during its initial movement will be displaced upwardly by engagement of its rim with the inwardly curved lips 96 to thereby cause the rim of the cartridge 97 to be displaced upwardly into the depression 40 of the forward end of the bolt face and as the ogive portion of the cartridge or projectile moves into engagement with the groove 23 of the ramp I9, which is disposed just forwardly of the forward, upper end of the clip 9!, so that said uppermost cartridge ill is displaced upwardly by the ramp I9 and the inturned lips 95. As the cartridge rim portion moves upwardly into the bolt face depression all, a part of the rim will assume a position behind the hook 50 of the extractor. The

ramp l9 will guide the nose of the projectile into the barrel chamber 99 so that when the bolt 25 reaches its forwardmost position, as seen in Figure 3, the cartridge 91 will be chambered and the 6 inclined forward surface 43 of the rib 42 will be in engagement with the groove 23 of the ramp 19.

During this forward movement of the bolt 25, as previously stated, the hammer 26 will initially be moved forwardly therewith under the biasing action of the main spring 37 but as the sear end 32 clears the rounded bolt surface 98 the sear spring will rock the sear 8B counterclockwise on its pivot 8| for projecting the sear end 52 upwardll through the opening 83 into the receiver I2 and into the hammer recess 51 to engage the hammer shoulder 58 so that the hammer 26 will be held in a partially retracted position by the sear end 82. Thereafter, the forward movement of the bolt 25 is accomplished by the pressure of the action spring 35 only. As the bolt surface 98 clears the disconnector pin Ed, the spring 73 will swing the disconnector bar ll upwardly on its pivot 72 to its position of Figure 3. As the bolt 25 moves forwardly relatively to the hammer 26 after the hammer has been caught by the sear end 82, the firing pin 59 will slide relatively to the groove 38 in the deep portion 39 thereof so that the hammer pin flange {5! will move from its position of Figure 2 to its position of Figure 3 when the bolt has reached its projected position and the hammer 26 is held in a cocked position. Approximately .003 inch clearance exists between the bolt face and the barrel breach Il and bushing i5 when the bolt 25 is in a forwardmost position as the bed of the recess 40 holds the cartridge rim tight against the barrel breech to provide proper head space, as seen in Figure 3. When a rearward pull is then exerted on the trigger 66, said trigger in swinging rearwardly will displace the sear bar H rearwardly from its position of Figure 3 to its position of Figure 4. As the sear bar ll moves rearwardly the sear end 84 will ride up the sear bar ramp 79 to thereby cause the sear 86 to rock clockwise on its pivot 8| so that the forward sear end 82 will be drawn downwardly out of engagement with the hammer shoulder 53 thus releasing the hammer which is then projected forwardly by the main spring 3'! to its position of Figure 4, in which position the disconnector pin M is disposed in the hammer recess 51. The firing pin 59 likewise moves forwardly with the hammer 26 and relatively to the bolt groove 38, 39 so that as the hammer approaches its fully projected position of Figure 4 the pin portion 62 will strike and detonate the primer of the cartridge 9? for firing the piece. The recoil of the powder charge of the cartridge 91 will force the bolt and hammer rearwardly to their positions of Figure 2, as previously described heretofore in reference to the initial loading of the piece and which therefore need not be again described in detail. However, as the bolt 25 is propelled rearwardly by the recoil from the powder charge, the cartridge case mil will be extracted from the chamber 99 by the extractor hook 50 and carried rearwardly with the bolt 25 until a portion of the rim of the cartridge case I!!!) strikes the stationary ejector 52 which is slidably engaged by the bolt groove 51 and which will kick the cartridge case I08 laterally of the receiver l4 and outwardly through the ejector opening lill in the right-hand side of said receiver id. As the bolt moves rearwardly it engages the disconnector pin 14 to depress the sear bar H, as previously described, so that the sear bar (I is held in its position of Figure 2 until the bolt and hammer have returned to their positions of Figure 3. Accordingly, the trigger 64 must be allowed to move forwardly under the action of the spring pressed plunger 69 before the spring 78 can return the rear end. of the sear bar II to its positionof Figure 3 and from which the sear 80 can be again rocked out of engagement with the hammer shoulder 58', thus preventing the piece H fromrefiring automatically under the action of the spring 31. As previously stated, the safety catch 86 caribe revolved 90 from its position of Figures 3 and 4 to lock the sear end 82 in a raised position to prevent firing of the piece. The sides of the frame 13 are covered and closed by suitable check stocks I02 which are detachably secured to the sides of the frame I3. 7

By unscrewing the plug 24, the bolt, hammer, action rod, action spring and main spring may be removed as a unit for cleaning thus providing a weapon which may be readily assembled and dis-* assembled, and by removing the receiver 14 from the frame it the remainder of the parts, c'ontained within the recess 6% will be exposed. When the piece i2 is constructed for firing large caliber ammunition a suitable bolt look, not shown, may be provided for locking the bolt in its forwardmost position until after the cartridge has been fired.

Various modifications and changes are contemplated and may obviously be resorted to, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as hereinafter defined by the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a clip fed semiautomatic firearm, a re ceiver having an open rear end, a plug detach ably connected to and closing the rear end of the receiver, a bolt slidab-ly mounted for longitudinal movement in the receiver, a hammer mounted for sliding movement in the receiver between the bolt and plug, said bolt and hammer being removable from the receiver through its open rear end when the plug is disconnected. therefrom, an action rod detachably connected at its forward end to said bolt and extending rearwardly therefrom loosely through the hammer and plug and having an exposed rear end located rearwardly of the plug and adapted to be manually engaged for retracting the bolt and hammer, spring means mounted on the action rod and disposed within the receiver including springs individual to the bolt and hammer for urging the bolt and hammer forwardly of the receiver toward the breach, and a firing pin detachably connected to the hammer and slidably engaging the bolt, said bolt, hammer, spring means and firing pin being removable as a unit with the action rod through the rear end of the receiver when the plug is disengaged therefrom.

2. In a firearm, a receiver having an open rear end, a closure detachably connected to the rear end of the receiver, a bolt slidably mounted in the receiver, a hammer slidably mounted in the receiver between the bolt and closure, an action rod extending slidably through the closure and hammer and having a forward end detachably s'ecured in the bolt, spring means mounted on the action rod and disposed in the receiver and individual to the bolt and hammer for urging the boltandv hammer forwardly of the receiver and away from the closure, and a firing pin detachably connected to the hammer for sliding movement therewith and having a forward portion slidably engaging in and guided by the bolt, said closure, action rod, bolt, hammer, firing pin and spring means being removable from the receiver as a unit through its open rear end when the closure is detached from the receiver, said hammer being adapted to be released from a retracted cocked position by a sear for sliding movement away from the closure and toward the bolt.

MARION W. YALE.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 909,398 Gobel Jan. 12, 1909 1,083,872 Berthier Jan. 6, 1914 1,460,672 Hines July 3, 1923 1,571,592 Loomis Feb. 2, 1926 2,049,776 Hyde Aug. 4:, 1936 2,296,242 Brewer Sept, 22, 1942 2,464,427 Wilson Mar. 15, 1949 

